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For FPGAs the low-level description consists of a binary file to be flashed into the gate array, while for an integrated circuit the low-level description consists of a layout file which describes the masks to be used for lithography inside a foundry.Įach design step requires specialized tools, and many of these tools can be used for designing multiple types of electronic circuits. The design of each of these electronic devices generally proceeds from a high- to a low-level of abstraction. These circuits can contain a combination of transistors, resistors, capacitors or specialized components such as analog neural networks, antennas or fuses.

Integrated circuits may consist of a combination of digital and analog circuits. Electronic devices may consist of integrated circuits (ICs), printed circuit boards (PCBs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or a combination of them.

Modern electronic devices are too complex to be designed without the help of a computer. This page is a comparison of electronic design automation (EDA) software which is used today to design the near totality of electronic devices.